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What Are Mesenchymal Stem Cells and How Do They Work?

October 5, 2026 · Cell Innovation Center Medical Team

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult cells found in tissues such as umbilical cord, bone marrow and fat. They are the most studied cells in regenerative medicine because of three properties: they can renew themselves, they can differentiate into certain tissue types, and — most importantly — they release signals that help regulate the immune system.

The “paracrine” effect

Researchers now believe most of the benefit of MSCs comes not from becoming new tissue, but from the molecules they secrete: growth factors, cytokines and extracellular vesicles. These signals may help reduce chronic inflammation and support the body’s own repair processes.

What does the research say?

MSCs are being evaluated in hundreds of registered clinical trials for orthopedic, neurological, autoimmune and cardiovascular conditions. Results are encouraging in some areas and still inconclusive in others — which is why an honest medical evaluation is essential.

Who may be a candidate?

  • Patients with chronic inflammatory or degenerative conditions.
  • Patients who have not responded well to conventional treatment.
  • Patients with a stable general health status confirmed by labs.

If you are wondering whether stem cell therapy could be an option for you, our physicians can review your case at no cost.

Medical disclaimer: Stem cell and cellular immunotherapy protocols are considered investigational for many conditions and are not approved by the U.S. FDA. Content on this site is educational and does not replace a consultation with a licensed physician. Every treatment requires an individual medical evaluation; results vary from patient to patient and no cure is promised.

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